As we reach the limits of high-speed computation based on silicon, ideas for the next generation of computers have focused on electrically switchable nanoscale devices that operate in ways similar to the neurons and synapses of your brain. We have identified materials that can perform extremely fast switches by rearranging atoms within their structures. The next step is to photograph those atomic motions as they take place within operating devices so we can learn exactly how the switches work. This lecture will describe how scientists use X-ray and electrons at SLAC to visualize these motions, and how this approach opens new routes toward developing ultrafast, ultralow energy neuromorphic computers.